UTF-8 covers every language of the world, makes possible display of characters in any alphabet.

Display in Browser Characters in Any Alphabet in UTF-8 | Enable Dark Theme on Every Web Page
★★★★★

By Ion Saliu, Founder of Philosophical Science of International Writing

You can write in any language and display in browsers characters in any idiom.

First captured by the WayBack Machine (web.archive.org) on July 17, 2025.
Updated: July of the year of grace 2025.

Axiomatic of planetary endeavors, you can write content in any language and correctly display the text in any alphabet. There is a simple requirement. Write the content in a text editor such as Notepad++. In the Encoding menu, select the UTF-8 option. The header of the Web page must be:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">

The charset=utf-8 attribute of the meta tag is of the essence.

Just copy and paste special characters from specialized resources on the Internet. I list on this page just a few characters, so that you don't need to insert character codes (e.g. "& #9733;") on your pages.

© Copyright
® Registered Symbol
∞ Infinity Sign
µ Micro sign
♠ Spade card suit
♣ Clubs card suit
♦ Diamonds card suit
♥ Hearts card suit
✿ Flower - Fill
☼
☻ Smiley - Fill
☺ Smiley - Transparent
☹ Frowning face
☸ Snow / Cristal
☯ YinYang
☮
☢
☠
☞
☝
☜
☛
☚
☑
☎
★ Star - Fill
☆ Star - Transparent

Implement in browsers Chrome, Edge the dark-made, dark theme on all web pages.

Axiomatic of healthy endeavors, I am a strong proponent of the dark theme. It is so much easier (i.e. healthier) on the eyes. Many people choose to use dark mode settings in the evening time. Looking at a screen with a dark background may feel more comfortable because you'll see less glare in dark mode. The night-friendly setting reduces the overall brightness output from the screen, creating less of a contrast with the world around you. Dark mode makes it easier for your eyes to adjust between dimly lit surroundings and your device screen (computer, tablet, phone). This can reduce eye strain and minimize eye fatigue.

The dark modes/themes started with the Windows operating system. It was then extended to browsers and many websites. I implemented the dark mode on my entire site in the year of grace 2025. It was so easy… why didn’t I do it years earlier?! I have a huge website, but a global search-and-replace accomplished the task rather quickly. Simply put it, the body tag of every page was changed to:

The background color was set to black (100%). The font (text) color was changed to a silver tone to go even easier on the eyes. I recommend every Web designer follow the same practice. There are still many pages on the Internet that keep hurting viewers' eyes unnecessarily!

Unfortunately, many websites will remain in the hurtful black-on-white format. There is good news. We can instruct the browsers to render every webpage in the dark theme. The following tactic seems to have worked correctly.

In a browser's address box (the url line), type:

Chrome://flags
or
Edge://flags

In Search flags, type dark. In the Auto Dark Mode for Web Contents section:

Choose Dark (instead of Default).

In Mozilla Firefox, choose Settings, then on the General page scroll down to Language & Appearance. Choose the Dark option, then restart the browser.

Voilà!

Internet made possible one planetary alphabet thanks to UTF-8, an attribute of the meta tag.

Comments:
: ☛ That's how you change every web page to utf-8. The charset=utf-8 attribute of the meta tag is of the essence. Just copy and paste special characters from specialized resources on the Internet. I list on this page just a few characters, so that you don't need to insert character codes (e.g. "& #9733;") on your pages. Every Web site should implement the dark mode theme on all pages. It is really easy on our eyes, therefore healthier for our vision. Simply change the body tag of every page was changed to: <body style="background-color:#000000;" text="#e5e5e5" link="#00ffff" alink="#ff0000" vlink="#c0c0c0"> We can also instruct the browsers to render every webpage in the dark theme. In a browser's address box (the url line), type: chrome://flags or edge://flags In Search flags, type dark. In the Auto Dark Mode for Web Contents section: Choose Dark (instead of Default). In Mozilla Firefox, choose Settings, then on the General page scroll down to Language & Appearance. Choose the Dark option, then restart the browser. This browser option works automatically on most websites. In some cases, a browser extension is needed. The most popular choice is Dark Reader. Be mindful that some pages look bad in the dark mode! They were designed long ago in the black-on-white format, like printed books. You need look very carefully at text and buttons on pages in the dark mode. The dark theme is really easy on the eyes, but problematic sometimes. Add more text to force indexing by the search facility of my website. To force dark mode on every website in Google Chrome, you can utilize a built-in Chrome flag. Navigate to chrome://flags/#enable-force-dark and enable the "Force Dark Mode for Web Contents" option. After relaunching the browser, most websites should display in a dark color scheme. Open Chrome's Flags page: Type chrome://flags in the address bar and press Enter. Search for Force Dark Mode: Use the search box at the top of the page and type "dark mode" or "force dark mode". Enable the flag: Locate the "Force Dark Mode for Web Contents" option and change its setting from "Default" to "Enabled". Relaunch Chrome: Click the "Relaunch" button at the bottom of the page to apply the change. How To Force Dark Mode For Web Contents | Night Eye This will force dark mode on all websites, though some may not display perfectly. If you encounter issues with specific sites, you can explore the different Force Dark Mode options available within the flags page to see if they offer better results. You can always revert to the default setting by selecting "Default" and relaunching the browser. Many people choose to use dark mode settings in the evening time while settling down for the day. Looking at a screen with a dark background may feel more comfortable because you'll see less glare in dark mode. The night-friendly setting reduces the overall brightness output from the screen, creating less of a contrast with the world around you. Dark mode makes it easier for your eyes to adjust between dimly lit surroundings and your phone screen. This can reduce eye strain and minimize eye fatigue. This is why car navigation systems and GPS devices switch to dark mode after sunset. It's safer for drivers to periodically glance at a darkened screen while they're traveling along dark roads, rather than a fully lit device, which would require the eyes to adjust to the brightness, then readjust to darkness when they look back at the road. Dark mode has also been shown to help encourage nighttime melatonin production. This is because it reduces exposure to blue light in the evenings. Blue light from phones mimics sunlight, and it can delay the production of the sleep-inducing hormone melatonin as bedtime approaches. Who May Benefit from Using Dark Mode? Individuals that tend to find themselves on either a computer, phone, or any digital device throughout the day may benefit from using dark mode. You may be at greater risk of eye strain or fatigue if you use devices for several hours every day. When staring at a text on a darker background, your eyes strain less than from the bright light background, which may help to prevent or relieve discomfort. Who May Experience Issues Using Dark Mode? For people with certain eye conditions, looking at white text on a dark screen may cause a halo effect. A halo effect occurs when a blur of light surrounds the brightness amid the darkness. The halo effect isn't exclusive to smartphones and other digital devices; any bright light that's viewed within a dark field of vision may cause this effect. For example, some people who have myopia, astigmatism, or presbyopia see halos around headlights or streetlights when they drive at night. If you are experiencing the halo effect when you put your smartphone on dark mode, it may not be for you. You may see things more clearly if you switch to regular mode and turn the brightness down during evening hours.

Easy to translate in browsers from any language in any language, any alphabet character.

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Display in Browser Characters in Any Alphabet in UTF-8 | Enable Dark Theme on Every Web Page ★★★★★

By Ion Saliu, Founder of Philosophical Science of International Writing

Display in Browser Characters in Any Alphabet in UTF-8 | Enable Dark Theme on Every Web Page
★★★★★